The Effect of Standard of Beauty toward Pecola in The...

â€Å"The Bluest Eye† is taking place around 1940 in Lorain, Ohio. During the year of 1940, discrimination, especially toward African Americans, was still a serious problem. People believe that whiteness is the standard of beauty. The main character, Pecola, who was a nine-years-old African-American, was influenced by how people view beauty. Pecola suffered and felt that she is inferior to others. Pecola believed that having a pair of blue eyes would made people think she is pretty, and would be the key resolving all the problems. What is beautiful? How do people define beauty? People view differently. Usually, we judge people, first, from his or her appearance then to their inherence. It is a common fact that appearance has an indirect†¦show more content†¦This concept affected Pecola how she views beauty. Pecola evaluated herself ugly, and wanted to have a pair of blue eyes so that every problem could be solved. Pecola was an African-American and lived in a family with problems. Her father ran away because of crime, her brother left because of their fighting parents, and was discriminated simply because she has dark-skin. Pecola is a passive person. She is almost destroyed because of her violent father, Cholly Breedlove, who raped her own daughter after drinking. Because of this, Pecola kept thinking about her goal- to reach the standard of beauty. However, she was never satisfied with it. Pecola believed once she become beautiful, fighting between her parents would no longer happen, her brother would come back, and her father would no long be a rapist. No problem would exist anymore. Besides the inherent self-confident issue, the outside voice from community is also affecting Pecola’s view. For example, in the â€Å"accident† when Pecola went into Junior’s house, Junior killed the cat and impute to Pecola. His mother, Geraldine, saw Pecola was holding the dead cat. Without any thought and didn’t even ask for the truth, Geraldine simply called Pecola a â€Å"nastylittle black bitch.† This event, again, reinforces Pecola’s view of what beauty means. Tonis Morrison slightly defined the value of beauty and demonstrated Pecola’s desire to beShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s The Bluest Eye1232 Words   |  5 Pagesperception of beauty. Many women who are subjected to society s’ views of beauty often aim to convert to theses said beauty standards. This desire can, at many times, become unhealthy and lead to problems such as anorexia, bulimia, and self-hate. There is clearly a need for re-self-identification within the Black female community. With focus on self-hate one can see that this problem particularly becomes apparent in African American communities, author Toni Morrison in her novel The Bluest Eye not onlyRead MorePerception Of Oneself Through The Eyes Of The White Culture1695 Words   |  7 PagesOneself through the Eyes of the White Culture: A Feminist Perspective Alongside its umbrageous depiction of African American female identity and its shrewd criticism of the internalized racism cultivated by American cultural definitions of beauty, The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison has been inspiring a propagation of literature written by African American women about their experience as women of color. Inspired by a conversation Morrison had with one of her students who wished for blue eyes, the novel portraysRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, encompasses the themes of youth, gender, and race. The African American Civil Rights Movement had recently ended at the time the novel was written. In the book, Morrison utilizes a first-person story to convey her views on racial inequality. The protagonist and her friends find themselves in moments where they are filled with embarrassment and have a wish to flee such events. Since they are female African Americans, they are humiliated in societ y. One of Morrison’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Bluest Eye 1484 Words   |  6 PagesWithin The Bluest Eye, as in real life, black people, no matter their wealth or education, are constantly faced with the assumptions and demands of a Eurocentric dominated world. Some of these involve encounters with actual people, as when white furniture movers refuse to take back the Breedlove’s torn couch, or when a white candy store owner displays his contemptuous indifference towards Pecola because she’s black. In the novel,Morrison looks deeply into the personality of her characters, exploringRead More Conforming to Beauty in The Bluest Eye Essay1300 Words   |  6 PagesSun The characters within The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, all attempt to conform to a standard of beauty in some way. This standard of beauty is established by the society in which they live, and then supported by members of the community. Beauty is also linked with respect and happiness. Both people who reach the standard of beauty, and those who try, are never really satisfied with who they are. This never-ending race to become beautiful has devastating effects on their relationships and theirRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison2069 Words   |  9 Pagesand dictate to the standards of beauty. In her novel, ‘The Bluest Eye’, Toni Morrison draws upon symbolism, narrative voice, setting and ideals of the time to expose the effects these standards had on the different characters. With the juxtaposition of Claudia MacTeer and Pecola Breedlove, who naively conforms to the barrier of social classes, we are able to understand how African American’s in 1940’s America, specifically Ohio, had to adapt to the white ideals/standards of beauty, which subsequentlyRead MoreThe Bluest Eye Toni Morrison Essay2185 Words   |  9 PagesSociety, especially western, conceptualizes beauty through the use of publicity and cinema. We are under constant bombardment from consumer related magazine ads, billboards, television commercials, and movies about what â€Å"beautiful† people look like and how we should imitate them. This standard is overwhelmingly portrayed as white beauty. Starting from a young age this standard of beauty is forged in our minds; we want to look like these actors and models; we want to be thin, fit, youthful lookingRead MoreRacism In The Bluest Eye Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pages Racism In The Bluest Eyes The Bluest Eye tells a tragic story of a young girl named Pecola who desperately wishes for beautiful blue eyes. Pecola believes that the only way she will ever be beautiful is if she has blue eyes. This story takes place in the 1970’s, a time where African Americans were second class citizens in society. They were often exploited and dehumanized because of the way they looked, and this will leave a long lasting effect. Americans would often think that the only wayRead MoreRacism Is A Damaging Ideology1669 Words   |  7 Pagesconstruct highlights how racism has consequences and effects that ultimately shape how we see ourselves as well as how we see others. We live in a society where our daily lives are affected by race whether we want to accept it or not. As humans we have been conditioned to see the world through a racial lens that divides the world into black, white, Asian, Mexican, further disuniting the human race as a whole. In correlation, the novel The Bluest Eye , written by American author and Professor Toni MorrisonRead MoreAnalysis Of Tony Morrison s The Bluest Eye 2073 Words   |  9 PagesRace and Gender in the Bluest Eye In the Bluest Eye, Tony Morrison shows beauty and the value of it from the viewpoint of the black’s and how people in black society impose the white standards onto its people. Pecola Breedlove is an African American girl who longs to be loved and accepted in all communities especially her own. She lives in a world where members of her own race define aesthetic beauty based on white culture. Pecola has an odd transfixion of having the bluest eyes as she sees that it

Essay about The War on Terrorism and the US Propaganda...

The War on Terrorism and the US Propaganda Machine nbsp; Totalitarian regimes control their people by bludgeoning and incarcerating them. Critics of Western societies claim that democratic governments maintain approval for their actions through the manufacture of consent, a cryptic and insidious form of propaganda. nbsp; How?, you ask skeptically. By framing the debate, the theory says. By setting up a debate between two opposing acceptable views--one slightly left of government policy, and the other slightly right--the media can marginalize the radicals and legitimize the party line. Thus the debate surrounding the war in Vietnam was a debate of the hawks (If we keep fighting we can win) vs. the doves (Its too†¦show more content†¦In US news, a couple of simple statistics were buried deep in articles, but virtually no one realized that if the trucks didnt get in before winter hit (which is a lot earlier in mountainous Afghanistan than in balmy NJ), several hundred thousand--if not several million--civilians were sure to die. The more extensive UK coverage accounts for the fact that the Guardian (a major British newspaper) has got five times as many hits from Americans surfing the web since September 11th. nbsp; It certainly does appear that the mainstream US media is framing the debate on the war. First, the media is supporting the war effort virtually unanimously, often zealously: Well do whatever is our patriotic duty--News Corp exec Rupert Murdoch; the U.S. should bomb the Afghan infrastructure to rubble--the airport, the power plants, their water facilities, and the roads--Fox News Channels Bill OReilly); America roused to a righteous anger has always been a force for good. States that have been supporting if not Osama bin Laden, people like him need to feel pain. If we flatten part of Damascus or Tehran or whatever it takes, that is part of the solution--Rich Lowry, National Review editor. Second, they are marginalizing contrasting views, as seen by CNN Chair Walter Isaacsons comment that it seems perverse to focus too much on the casualties or hardship in Afghanistan. Third, media dissentShow MoreRelatedThis paper scrutinizes the use of propaganda and the consequential effects during the Iraq War. It1300 Words   |  6 Pagesscrutinizes the use of propaganda and the consequential effects during the Iraq War. It will look at certain specific events such as George W. Bush’s infamous â€Å"Mission Accomplished moment, as well as other incidents during the war that may have been a tactic to mislead the American public. This paper will also examine the censorship used by the main news media outlets as to how it affected the perspectives of the public. As one of the only means of getting information about a large war the United StatesRead MoreAnalysis Of Major Themes Of Chomsky s Manufacturing Consent948 Words   |  4 Pagesof Major Themes in Chomsky’s Manufacturing Consent As a society, us Americans tend to put stock in varied forms of mass media. From Disney to Gannett we grow up with selective views of the world and shaped opinions based on TV ratings. There are many theories on hegemony in American society. Dr. Noam Chomsky, a preeminent authority in 20th century political philosophy, discusses how news media is a tool for disseminating propaganda provided by the powerful elite in his book Manufacturing ConsentRead MoreTaliban Terrorist Operative Mullah Muhammad Omar1274 Words   |  6 PagesMullah Muhammad Omar is one of American’s most wanted terrorist. The United States put up $10 million dollars as a reward if it led to Omar’s capture. The US then raised it to $25 million dollars for his capture. Omar’s terrorist cell is based in Afghanistan. Omar is considered a mysterious terrorist amongst his people and a mythological hero in the terrorist world. In 2004, Omar stated that the Taliban were â€Å"hunting Americans like p igs.† Omar has been wanted by the FBI since 2001 for shelteringRead MoreThe Early History Of Psychological Warfare Essay1965 Words   |  8 Pagespsychological warfare Never underestimate the effects of psychology in wars, it can make or break both the ally and opponent. As a person who lived in a country that lived by the propaganda every day for almost thirty years, I only catch glimpse of it when I was young. Nowadays, it is like another battle not in field, but in the media. According to the Dictionary, the definition of psychological warfare is, The use of propaganda, threats, and other psychological techniques to mislead, intimidate,Read MoreEssay On Government Surveillance1529 Words   |  7 Pagescollected. (Bennet et Al, 6). From driving to the shopping mall to withdrawing money from the ATM machine, Canadians are being watched constantly. With Canada’s commitment to advance technology and infrastructure in the 1960s, government surveillance is much easier and much more prevalent than it was hundreds of years ago. Even as early as 1940s, the Dominion Bureau of Statistics used punch cards and machines to determine who is available for conscription in the military. Several ethnicity groups suchRead More Cyberterrorism Essays1633 Words   |  7 PagesCyberterrorism Introduction Cyberterrorism is the convergence of terrorism and cyberspace. It is generally understood to mean unlawful attacks and threats of attack against computers, networks, and the information stored therein. Possibly to intimidate, influence a government or its people to further political or social gain. To qualify as cyberterrorism, an attack should result in violence against persons or property, or generate fear. Attacks that lead to death or bodilyRead MoreWorld War II And The Korean War2296 Words   |  10 Pagesuse during and after World War II and the Korean War.[citation needed] The concepts and methods have assumed more complex forms of the 19th- and early-20th-century antecedents, largely due to the widespread use of highly advanced information technology, and combatants must modernize constantly to preserve their battle worthiness.[1] Although total war was thought to be the form of international conflicts from the experience of the French Revolutionary Wars to World War II, the term no longer describesRead MoreThe Injustice of Political Ploys at the Olympic Games 1477 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom all reaches of civilization strive to show off their skills and compete for the gold medal. The intent of the Games was not to provide a stage for governments to establish themselves as world powers, nor was it intended to be exploited as a propaganda instrument of political in terests. (Huet) Ever since their origin in Ancient Greece the Games were intended to bring the international community together despite their multiple differences. Additionally the Olympic Charter itself expresses the factRead MoreThe Missing Plane, Malaysia Airlines Flight Mh3702863 Words   |  12 Pagesand the failure of the two campaigns’’ mentioned will be analyzed. The term spin doctor consists of a symbolic relationship with journalists and mass media. Both need each other in order to generate and disseminate information within the media machine. A good spin team knows what works is the best to hook the intended audiences, be it a mass audience or the journalist (Louw, 2010). They write scripts for politicians or other performers and crafted favourbly stories as sources to their advantageRead MoreTerrorism And Its Effects On The World1540 Words   |  7 Pagestheir young children and killing innocent people. Terrorism is sweeping the world and it’s growing steadily. With a constant inflow of young soldiers, terrorist groups are stronger than before. They have surely mastered the art of recruiting the weak and vulnerable and using their weaknesses to carry out dangerous and deadly missions. There are hundreds of extremist groups carrying out terrorist acts all over the world. Throughout history terrorism has been a consistent issue in t he Middle East. There

First Day of School Free Essays

First day of school When I woke up that morning I thought my life was going to end. The summer was over and it was the first day of school. I didn’t go to sleep the night before because I had a lot on my mind, but I had to get my tired self up and get ready. We will write a custom essay sample on First Day of School or any similar topic only for you Order Now I laid my clothes out the night before and I had out a cross necklace some cross earrings a blue shirt and some khaki shorts. So after I got dressed and got in the car I begged and pleaded with my mama not to make me go. But I still came, when I first got to school I was terrified I didn’t know anybody and I was new. Not a good combination but I had to get out of the car so I did and I was lost for a while but I found my class shortly. I walked in to a room full of people and it was hot and dark the only light was from the colorful lamps and the computers,there were computers everywhere. I was the tallest one in the class like I always am I felt like people were talking about me I was scared and didn’t want to be there at all I wanted to call my mom and tell her that is was not going to work to come get me immediately. Before I got around to that the bell rung and it was time for class to start. So I sat down and in the comer where my seat was and just cried for almost the entire class. I didn’t want to be there I felt like no body else wanted me to be there either. I had just went through a lot and I broke my wrist the week before so my heart and my and my mind was just not there. I couldn’t stop crying I was depressed and lonely ,but class was about to end so I had to dry my tears up and keep it moving because I knew the day was almost over. I felt my day couldn’t get any worse and it didn’t. This time I ended up in a very bright room and all the people seemed really happy. It was bibles under the desks and posters talking about Jesus and encouragement all over the room. This lifted my sprit and I wasn’t so sad anymore and people started to talk to me and wanted to know about who I was and they wanted to become my friend. At first I was very reluctant to talk but I became comfortable and I made new friends. I was happy about this I had some good news to go home and tell my mom. But after getting to know my new friends I had to leave them and go to my last class of the day but I was happy that it was my last class. I walked in and it was math class. I hate math was never good at it but I was I’m there and I dreaded it but I found another new friend that became my best friend her name was sam and we clicked instantly we were both new and we didn’t know any body. That made me the happiest of all I wasn’t alone anymore there was someone just like me. So that made math not so bad. I got through it and it was time to go home. My day started out bad but it ended ok and I wanted to come back the next day because I knew it would only get better. How to cite First Day of School, Essay examples

Handbook Project Management And Scheduling -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Handbook Project Management And Scheduling? Answer: Introducation Project Management Information system is basically an organisation which initially provides the crux information to any other concerned organisation regarding the successful execution of projects. This system involves in the typical use of one or more software application, and also includes a proper method taken up for the collection, use and implication of the information related to the project (Cleland Ireland, 2006). These electronic systems help in providing a plan a proper layout and execution and they differ in enactment of project management goals. The distinctive nature of project management information system is that they largely differ as regarding their scope, design and features as depending and varying upon the operational requirements of the concerned organisation. Purpose The main intention and purpose behind the functioning of this principle is to formulate proper and appropriate layout of infrastructure which would accelerate the efficient functioning of the projects and programmes with an intent to give a clear way to efficient communication and appropriate teamwork (Laudon Laudon, 2016). These purposes can be traced down into more clear concepts:- Giving a proper explanation and illustration of the role concerning with the efficient and effective management of communication and information thereby causes an effective workout of projects and programmes. To get a better understanding of the various integration and collaboration of the various communication systems and amalgamating it with the provisions of information technology so as to get a better result of the work at low costs (Raymond Bergeron, 2008). The ability to develop the ways of formulation of information management systems so as to enable proper decision making and communication factors. Testing Cope In the concerned sector, the area of coverage is way too vast and exhaustive. It is the duty of The professionals who are in charge of projects and programmes to ensure the requirement for selecting and optimising the most suitable strategies so as to make sure that these function so as to illuminate the vigour of teamwork and collective contribution and make them operate as tools to maintain information, record of documents, protection against unauthorized access of internal data, and many more. The basic platform of any choice and designing related to business functionaries should be based upon business value instead of sophistication of technological assumptions and presumptions (Kerzner, 2013). The basic nature of study in this sector would emphasise on the working principles, analysis of the various available options, selecting and enacting the most suitable provision. It will also include the frequent training of the staff associated with the programme and project in order to e nhance their working type and techniques so that the best output can be acquired from them in the field they are put into. An important part of the environmental factors is the project information system which ensures a smooth working by accelerating factors such as scheduling, authorisation system, configuration management, information collection and distribution system, automatic gathering, and reporting on key performance indicators. Thus, this entire system can be considered as an information system which includes all the tools and techniques used for various purposes such as gathering, integrating and assimilating the outputs for project management purposes. It has the potential to manage almost every share of production. It also has the potential to regulate every aspect of production from the initial starting stage till the ending or closing stage, and can function both on manual and automated systems (Love Irani, 2003). Overall Strategy Approach The overall strategy approach is a bunch of several programmes and attributes. Project management system can in its very essence contain issues and matters including a wide variety of aspects which can start from a small and simple topic such as a file system and can go to the extent of topics such as an entire detailed file of PMIS software. PMIS software is an enhanced programme which has the potential to manage several other management programmes such as project scope management, project time management, project cost management, project quality management, project human resource management, project risk management, project communication management, project procurement management, project stakeholder management (Davis Venkatesh, 2004). Project management information system is a multi user approach and its performance can be based upon cloud based applications as well as the performance can be put down to hoisted premises applications efficiently and with much needed appropriatenes s. Beside project management, the ideology and concept of project and Programme information can be at times considered as a combination of external tools including factors such as processes, tools, techniques, methodologies, procedures, and resources much needed to manage any project functioning as well as needed for the basic management of any project and programme. Apart from all these varied purposes, the project and programme information system does a great deal in helping out engineers in their performance and working in a number of ways, thus granting a perfection and efficacy in their working outlook as a whole by giving them a broad basic along with a highly advanced intercultural knowledge accompanied with experience which are highly important requirements for managing multinational projects (Schwalbe, 2015). Apart from a strong technical hold, experience and knowledge, they are also expected to have intercultural competencies which are strong and rigid and in their basic ground approach. Efficient management skills and strong business acumen are also the important requisites and requirements for meeting the programme requirements. Depending upon selective individual specialisations, one is figured out for a number of approaches and a variety of programmes such as research, technology development, management counselling and production. Training, presentation techniques and business modules also provide a proper structure and format sufficiently and efficiently acquires skills as required in any high profiles sales service. Programme management and information is a combination of several attributes which include field such as industrial engineering, change management, business transformation, and systems engineering. Execution Plan The entire programme has a strong vision of purpose and status regarding the various projects in a concerned and definite programme. Having a particular overview of the entire programme and using this oversight to support the entire project activity is important to secure programme related goals which can be met by providing a decision making capacity which gets difficult to be achieved at a project level or by providing a required programme perspective or an efficient bundle of ideas and approaches which are needed to solve project issues having a proper programme impact. In designing a program it is important to manage the cross project dependencies (Galliers Leidner, 2014). The project management office may not always have a proper insight of predicting the possible and upcoming risks, issues, designs, and requirements which could be framed to form solutions with an ability to efficiently manage these terms. In such cases the manager who is in charge of the concerned project may turn up matters accordingly so as to sort out the problems so arising. This attribute of the manager however, requires suitable working scenario which would affect a lot towards allowing his effective contribution towards the area under pressure or consideration. In order to seek out information about complex projects, a long list of initiatives and insight is required along with a proper management of all of them. This, however, requires the manager to be comfortable and efficient in his area and in his concerned field. Many programmes have ability and a capability to bring forth some aspiring changes which is a striking feature of the project as a whole. The benefits can however be actually transferred and utilised only when the capabilities are transferred and utilised giving a suitable environment so as well as proper utilisation and an efficient capability. The project is a collaboration of related projects managed and coordinated and benifits which cannot be controlled without effectively managing them. Environment Environmental is dedicated to the study of the standard of the environment and the technology of its conservation. It involves the fundamental education and coaching from engineering programs and chemical engineering, microbiology, hydrology, and chemistry to broaden their perspective on potential solutions to environmental issues (Sousa Oz, 2014). The System Testing environment will be used for System Testing. Test Schedule System testing is regular for a period of x weeks beginning mm/dd/yyyy to mm/dd/yyyy. The test team can complete the execution of all the tests throughout the first x weeks. The defects retesting and regression testing can occur within the last week of System Testing. The run dates for defect retesting period is also modified consistent with the requirement to retest and close the flaws. The defects retesting can reduce the number of open defects that require being carried to UAT. Assumptions I have also highlighted the significance and criticality of Communications Management for the success of an information technology projects. As a Project manager, it isn't only enough to do the look and execution of a project. There's a lot more to it. A competent project manager ought to be a "Communicator" also. They should have "soft" skills related to successful leadership. These above-highlighted points will not guarantee success. However, they're going to assist you to get a solid handle on your project and make sure that you are doing all you'll to create it succeed in a crazy world (Larson Gray, 2013). This article is written supported my personal experiences in the entirely different aspects of project management, and hopefully, it advantages all of you in adopting a decent and effective communication management in your comes too! Project overview The implementation automation library management system from manual library system for the central public library in Bangladesh (CPLB) and the project management team give new library software system and hardware installing into the library to would like library s users requirement. Additionally, the project team can provide the technology to developing and maintain the manual system to update link with the computerized library system. The info-communication and technology ICT mistreatment to complete and help project strategy to complete the real mission and support project information system effective within the manner centralize sharing info information and a good communication plan (Raymond Bergeron, 2015). Propose and scope of library management system The project plan to implementing and development automation library system for public library; Give automation library software management syste This project developing from manual system to automation system to support librarys users (members) demand, automation library software contains a large number of list example reference books, e-book, and Journal articles. Additionally, the project can increase potency for library become an integrated library management system. Fine System The librarian is running on keeping the record of the penalty paid by the student on not giving back the book on time. Librarian finds out the problem date and comes back the time of the book and if the student fails to return that book inside the return date of the book, then he!she has got to pay TS$ (Mondin Martens, 2016). The fine could get high in the case once the book has been lost or damaged by the student. Election Procedure The book record is removed from the library register book once the book has been lost or damaged by the user. Preparing of automation library system project designing 2.1 selecting Koha software with Java language will support library application, appropriate for library info, and manage IT resources for the library. 2.2 Library application style simplified an accessible interface. 2.3 stalling hardware and pc equipment 2.4 Arrangement of classes library book resources Developing and maintain manual library system and library environment. Limitations and exclusions Package testing and maintain library software management system and update pc equipment. Development library management system model is library info be relate to packaging an application user-interface, additionally automation The system should update user interface style straightforward and easy to access anytime, everyplace and process same track project mission (Mir Pinnington, 2014). Improving online security system. Assumptions Automation library management system Establishing a new model for automation library system purpose to support manager a good creating call and replace or improve the previous model. Project management got to prepare for the price estimate and the actual cost will be higher, its necessary to place in project management accountability for considering the price. Project arrange deliverable, and schedule plan will be delay because internal and external impact, example; 3.1 Library software will be a failure because of lack of data. 3.2 Underestimate of your time, schedule arranges, and deliverables. 3.3 Unavailable of tools and techniques. The new library system is not-satisfy users and new library members expectation demand. Constraints and limitation management system Budgeting over budget Deliverable - delay New system model - fail Dependencies determination Priority task - before implementing the new system. Government rules software and internet security policy. Automation library management system description Automation library management system (LMS) has developed manual type system using Koha user-interface friendly software that works with open resource Integrated library system (ILS) which further supports bibliotheca and library user freely accessible of information. Koha library computer code is the web-based application with knowledge cataloguing software stores in UnicMarc via Z39.5, Koha user-interface designed simplicity to use with Java language for translated into many languages, and powerful of looking out give higher result information quality for users. Java programming language using for produce secure library interface application is acceptable for standard library and implementation software and hardware operation library system. For the pc hardware exploitation, H.P. storage works MSL2024 5000GB The tape library information system is appropriate for web-based library management system, centralized info with selection website, and support integrated management system. Feasibility analysis Automation system analysis info-communication and technology system wont to support project communication and sharing info (ICT) include; 1.1 Net networks as telecommunication and networking essential structure connect pc (hardware) along worldwide. 1.2 Application computer code as info data system got to take into thought {of data |of knowledge| of info} information policies, HR development policies. 1.3 Constituent and different instruments are necessary to install in central library for library users. Operational analysis For library management system got to the understanding of every activities and understanding of particular useful performance to planning input and produce higher output. Project management got to designing of data communication and technology ICT, however, will filling the project strategy and providing skilled development material effort automation system processes self made Functional and non-functional demand in project proposes useful; Automation library software system setting freely and open supply integrated library management system using as globally and successful software technologies license program and user- interface is the simple step to login/accessing to library info because of a proper application and looking out results. Library database information management to keep up the collection of data by using pc hardware-based housekeeping system. Library management; 3.1 Maintenance of patron record show alert of drawback 3.2 Borrowing policy 3.3 Managing fine for harm and owed 3.4 ever-changing administrations Available perform the update or amendment user personal information. Feedback and user-recommendation. Controlling automation library system process on target same project mission goal (Olson, 2014). Legal contract (legal insight) as business law shield profit, client copyright, legal market, and law firm. Application software library can increase or update for future demand and project life cycles. Non-functional; Shield confidential user-information, and library management info. Maintain software and development up to date compared to the different library branch. The library management system on the market and simple to access and login 24/7 and worldwide (Peppard Ward, 2016). The automation system supports exceptional de References Cleland, D. L., Ireland, L. R. (2006). Project management. McGraw-Hill Professional. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2016). Management information system. Pearson Education India. Raymond, L., Bergeron, F. (2008). Project management information systems: An empirical study of their impact on project managers and project success. International Journal of Project Management, 26(2), 213-220. Kerzner, H. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Love, P. E., Irani, Z. (2003). A project management quality cost information system for the construction industry. Information Management, 40(7), 649-661. Davis, F. D., Venkatesh, V. (2004). Toward preprototype user acceptance testing of new information systems: implications for software project management. IEEE Transactions on Engineering management, 51(1), 31-46. Schwalbe, K. (2015). Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Kerzner, H. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Peppard, J., Ward, J. (2016). The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Olson, D. (2014). Information systems project management. Business Expert Press. Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (Eds.). (2014). Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. (2013). Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Sousa, K., Oz, E. (2014). Management information systems. Nelson Education. Mir, F. A., Pinnington, A. H. (2014). Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success. International journal of project management, 32(2), 202-217. Raymond, L., Bergeron, F. (2015). Impact of project management information systems on project performance. In Handbook on Project Management and Scheduling Vol. 2 (pp. 1339-1354). Springer International Publishing. Mondin, P. E., Martens, C. D. P. (2016). PROJECT MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM: STUDY IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES OF INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION. Iberoamerican Journal of Project Management, 7(2), 1-31.

McCarthyism Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible, John Proctor

McCarthyism In The Crucible In The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, the madness of the Salem witch trials is explored in great detail. There is more to the play than the witch trials, though. The Crucible was composed during a time when a similar hysteria was sweeping through America. A virtually unkown senator by the name of Joseph McCarthy was propelled into infamy when while at a speaking engagement at thee Republican Women's Club of Wheeling, West Virginia he charged 205 persons in the U.S. State Department of being members of the Communist Party (Martine 8). Fear caused the American people to succumb to the preposterous charges brought forth by McCarthy displaying resemblance's to that of the Salem community in 1692 (Carey 51). In Arthur Miller's play The Crucible, there is evidence of parallels between the Salem of 1692 and America of the 1950's, the American Government of the 1950's and its misuse of power, and the high court depicted in the play, using its power to impose a misguided justice. The Crucible takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in the spring of 1692 in a village shrouded with chaos. The people of Salem were in uncertain times. Just a year earlier a witch in the nearby town of Beverly was executed and now the witch hysteria had spread to their village. Confused, the people didn't know who to blame whether it be the girls, the negro slave, or even the Devil himself. The insanity that came about was an indication of the fear of "individual freedom" (Miller 6). In The Crucible, hysteria and hidden agendas break down the social structure and then everyone must protect themselves from the people that they thought were their friends. The church, the legal system, and the togetherness of the community died so that the girls and their families social status might be protected. The fact that Salem was a Puritan community did not help matters either. Puritans were a strict religous group that tolerated no devious behavior. Being isolated from any other group of people with different beliefs created a church led Puritan society that was not able to accept a lot of change. Anyone who was not in good standing with the church was not even allowed in the community (Carey 42). They believed God elected those who were to go to Heaven by the same token though they believed the Devil could choose his disciples also (Carey 43). Puritans deemed anything pleasurable was motivated by and came directly from the Devil. When The Crucible was written, the American society was threatened by communism much like Salem was threatened by witchcraft (Bly 32). On September 23, 1949, President Truman reported that the Soviet Union had developed an atomic bomb striking fear into the American nation (Martine 8). Miller even acknowledged this fear when he said, " America had just finished fighting World War II with the help of the Soviet Union against the Germans and now they felt threatened by them, knowing not wether they were still allies or if another war was inevitable. The war made people wary of communism. What Hitler had done was ugly. Americans feared this ugliness. "Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live" (Exodus 22:18). The puritans of Salem definitely believed in witches and gaurded against them just as the Bible told them so, executing them. Once a person was accused as a witch the only way to live was to turn back to God by repenting and revealing names of other witches so that they might repent or be vanquished (Bly 88). Judge Danforth was devoted to the prosecution of witches. When he arrives in the town of Salem, Danforth sets in motion acts that "bring about an evil destructive state of chaos" (Carey 15). He believed he inherited his authority directly from God, and therefore carried on the witchhunt mercilessly (Bly 33). He did not give up easily; once he decided someone was a witch he would not rest until a confession was made as is evident in the following quote: "Will you confesss yourself befouled with Hell, or do you keep that black allegiance yet?" (Miller 111). Danforth may have had too much power also; being the Deputy Governor of Massachusetts, Danforth had the power to try, convict, and execute anyone he decide was a witch" (Bly 27). When writting The Crucible, Arthur Miller chose to speak through John Proctor on of the Salem witch trials victims. Miller uses Proctor as his character that defies the authority of the judges and their corrupt power

Effect of the Political instability on Haitis development

Effect of the Political instability on Haitis development The Problem Haiti is a country that suffers from major political instability, which has deterred the country’s growth and development. Between 1950 and 2008, the country had a record eleven coup d’à ©tats highlighting the volatility of the political scene there. In spite of the restoration of democratic rule in 2006, Haiti has continued to suffer from political instability.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of the Political instability on Haitis development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indifferent and ineffective governance that continues to accentuate the instability already experienced by Haiti characterizes the country. These factors have deterred economic development in this South American Country. The socioeconomic factors in the country are the most serious causes of the instability. The BBC (2012) records that Haiti has a huge wealth gap with a minority 1% owning nearly 50% of the count rys wealth. The poor have engaged in widespread riots or joined gangs due to the lack of alternative means of employment. The climate of instability has led to a rise of powerful urban gangs and militia who often operate with government sanction. The legitimacy and authority of political leaders are sometimes derived from the power of this militia (Carey, 2005). At the same time, political instability has had the effect of further plunging the country into economic disarray. The Haitian economy has suffered greatly in light of the political turmoil that has plagued the country. In the mid 1990s, the deepening political crisis led to a drop in international aid. By the end of 1997, the lack of a functioning government led to a freeze in international aid to Haiti, an act that left the formal Haitian economy virtually collapsed (Donais, 2005). The dependency theory sheds some light on the rampant poverty that has fueled the political instability in Haiti. This theory states as long as the Third World is linked to the north they can never break free of their dependence and poverty† (Diaz, Trapp Feldman, 2008, p.3). This is a true reflection of the Haitian situation since as a former colony of France, Haitis link to the Western world was established centuries ago. Even after independence, Haiti continued to rely on the policies and economic support of Western powers. Haiti continues to depend on the international community for financial aid. In addition to this, the country relies primarily on the US as the destination for her exports.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fig 1: Haitian Borrowing in Millions of Dollars The world systems theory developed by Immanuel Wallerstein can also be used to explain the situation in Haiti. This theory advances that the world is divided into core countries, which are industrialized capitalist countries and peripher y countries like Haiti that rely on low-skill and rely on labor-intensive production. According to the theory, these periphery countries such as Haiti suffer from unequal distribution of labor and exchange and they are exploited by the core countries. Background Haiti is geographically located in the Caribbean island of Hispaniola and it shares the Island with the Dominican Republic which lies on its East. The country occupies an area of 27,750 sq kms and has a population of 10.1 million (BBC, 2012). Haiti has over 25% arable land and this land is used for cultivation purposes. The agricultural sector is a major employee in the country with 38% of the population working in this sector (CIA, 2012). Fig 2: Geographical Positioning of Haiti The republic of Haiti has had a turbulent political history since its independence from France in 1804. The Haitian political scene has been characterized by authoritarian rule and a military domination. Political leaders appoint their own constitu tions to strengthen their hold on power.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of the Political instability on Haitis development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Haitian government is predatory in nature with state resources being used to advance the interests of the elite while the security apparatus suppresses and extorts the ordinary people. In such a government, the elite office holders have viewed the majority poor as objects to be exploited instead of subjects in a shared political system. Haiti has not exhibited major development since its independence; the country is today the most deprived in the Western Hemisphere. The overreliance on agriculture has led to the high unemployment rate in the country with over 60% of the labor force lacking formal jobs. The country has an acute shortage of skilled labor while there is a surplus of unskilled labor, a factor that has increased the unemployment rate in th e country. In the job market, low-income levels make it hard for those employed to maintain a decent standard of living. Haiti has therefore grown to depend excessively on the international community for its economic sustenance. Fig 3. Comparing Growth of Per Capita GDP among American Countries Due to its geographical location and natural resources, Haiti was once a choice destination for tourists. Macollvie (2009) notes that its sandy beaches and beautiful coastal cities once made it a major destination for international cruise ships providing the country with significant amounts of foreign exchange. However, the political instability has led to major security concerns with kidnappings, deadly riots, and rampant thefts characterizing the country. Due to this reason, many countries have issued travel warnings regarding Haiti thus effectively stifling its tourism industry.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discussion Putting the Problem in Context The problem of political instability is an old one and it has plagued Haiti for over a century. In its formative years, the country operated without state institutions and it was governed by a combination of the military and the elite. This set the tone for the future governance of the country and Macollvie (2009) observes that at no time in the history of the country has there been a significant degree of long-term popular participation in the political process (p.72). The problems in Haiti continue to persist for because of a number of major reasons. To begin with, the efforts of the international community to restore stability never take into consideration the realities in the country. Donais (2005) observes that the lack of success in international efforts can be blamed on the fact that the positive political change is almost explicitly promoted by outsiders who lack an intimate knowledge of the domestic realities facing Haitians and the ir thoughts regarding politics. A lack of adequate economic opportunities has further exacerbated the problem of political insecurity in Haiti. The World Bank best articulates how instability in Haiti mitigates economic growth by noting that the country is limited in capacity to establish law and order or to create conditions for economic growth and poverty reduction (Saye, 2010, p.71). The country is characterized by an unreconstructed winner-take-all political culture. Donais (2005) elaborates that Haiti is a predatory republic where capturing of governing power is the primary means of acquiring wealth and power. Those who are in power are therefore keen to maintain their grasp using all possible means. Members of the public not involved in politics have taken to violence and drug trafficking to provide for themselves. Drug trafficking is a highly profitable activity and the major drug barons have corrupted the judicial system and the police to ensure that the drugs flow though Ha iti uninterrupted (BBC, 2012). Widespread corruption has further contributed to the political instability and the lack of economic development in the country. Corruption is widespread in Haiti with the government accountability organization, Transparency International ranking Haiti â€Å"most corrupt nation in the world†. An official of the organization stated that corruption was so deeply entrenched in the country that it was acceptable as part of everyday life (Saye, 2010). Fig 4: WGI Government Effectiveness and Control of Corruption Addressing the Issues To try to mitigate the outcomes of these problems, efforts have been undertaken by governments. The international community has been involved heavily in Haitian affairs as it tries to address the political issues in the country. As far back as 1915, the country exhibited acute manifestations of chronic political instability, which prompted US troops to land at Port au Prince on July 28, 1915. The United Nations has engag ed in numerous efforts to restore peace, democracy, and stability to Haiti (Donais, 2005). The efforts of the international community to restore stability to the Haitian political scene have been succeeded but only to some extent. International efforts through the United Nations helped Haiti recover after it failed to stop the threat of an armed insurgency in 2004 (Carey, 2005). The international community led by the US has promoted policies in Haiti that are aimed at encouraging the installation of democracy in the Country. These policies led to the reinstallation of democracy in 2006. However, such efforts are of no practical use in promoting growth if they are not accompanied by political stability in the country. The political issues in Haiti have also persisted due to the color tensions that exist in the country. Since independence, Haiti experienced an institutionalization of skin color as a determination of status. The mulattos (light-skinned blacks) made up the elite in soci ety while the noirs (dark-skinned blacks) were the commoners. Macollvie (2009) state that this division based on skin color created a system of double government that kept power in the hands of the minority mulattos. With time, these divisions became based more on money than on skin color with the government serving the interest of the wealthy and ignoring the poor. Theoretical and Practical Solutions The establishment of a law-making branch of government that is not only stable but has the backing of the citizens of the country will also help to bring about political stability in the country. Historically, Haiti has had an inconsistent parliament that did not serve the interest of the masses. Haitian presidents have held power over the parliament, disbanding or dissolving it at will. These heads of states have been notorious for dissolving parliaments that showed a lack of support for their policies. Macollvie (2009) notes that Haitis parliament since independence has been a farce serving the interests of the elite and offering no opposition to the president. A strong parliament that has the support of the citizens will increase the political stability of the country. Such a parliament will have the legitimacy needed to steer the country into stability and economic prosperity. Enhancement of the democratic institutions in Haiti will increase the likelihood of stability and economic growth. According to the comparability perspective, a mature democracy will accrue direct and indirect benefits that will lead to the economic growth of the country. In such an environment, there will be effective control of governmental power and greater weight will be given to the provision of basic needs of the public. Capacity building of Haitian security forces and the eventual removal of foreign forces from Haiti will also assist in bringing about political stability. This solution is backed by the State theory which accentuates the importance of security in modern states. Th is theory advances that the state originates in and is justified by citizens who confer sovereignty on a central authority in exchange for security (Verner Egset, 2007, p.43). For decades, Haiti has been faced with numerous international interventions and foreign occupations. In the early 20th century, the country faced foreign occupation mostly from the US and other European powers which wanted to protect their interests in the country. In recent times, Haiti has had UN multinational peacekeeping troops who are there to help in the nation building efforts (Macollvie, 2009). This reliance on foreign forces has damaged the credibility of the government to protect its citizens. If the international community invested more in building an effective Haitian security apparatus, Haitians would have more faith in their government. This would have the desirable effect of increasing political stability. The major donors in Haiti can assist in promoting political stability by making it a prer equisite to Haiti receiving aid. As it currently stands, Haiti is not self sufficient and international aid is the major source of government financing. The Haitian President Michel Martelly is constantly appealing to potential donors to increase support of the country in order for it to meet its budget shortfalls. It is therefore evident that Haiti is greatly dependent on international aid and this fact can be used as leverage in demanding for political stability. Conclusion and Recommendations Haiti has suffered from political instability which has deterred the countrys development for decades. This paper has looked at has political instability and social inequality has affected Haitis economic development. It has noted that the two factors have led to the near collapse of Haiti as a state. The use of international interventions and occupations to maintain stability to Haiti have helped to prevent the decline of the country into permanent failed state status but this strategy does not help to create the political stability needed to bring about economic growth and prosperity for the country. Haiti is receiving a lot of international support in its efforts to develop. The country should use this goodwill to advocate for the development of state institutions. These institutions will provide the basic services for the citizens and promote economic development and social advancement. Well-developed governmental institutions will have the potential to mitigate the risk factors of violence that come from a socioeconomic context. The country should use its current stability to develop its natural resources. Political instability has contributed to the severe degradation of Haitis coastal resources. With stability, the economy of the country will once again be able to exploit its coastal resources for the good of the entire nation. References BBC (2012). Haiti country profile. Web. Carey, H. (2005). Militarization without Civil War: The Security Dilemma and Regime C onsolidation in Haiti. Civil Wars, 7 (4), 330–356. CIA (2012). The World Factbook: Haiti. Web. Diaz, A., Trapp, A., Feldman, A. (2008). Haiti Background Report. Web. Donais, T. (2005). Back to Square One: The Politics of Police Reform in Haiti. Civil Wars, 7(3), 270-287. Macollvie, J. (2009). Haiti: Hope Turns to Ashes. World Policy Journal, 4(1), 61-69. Saye, L. (2010). The Haitian State: Something Alien. Journal of Third World Studies, 27 (2), 71-88. Verner, D., Egset, W. (2007). Social Resilience and State Fragility in Haiti. NY: Word Bank.

Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Society - Essay Example The social roots of delinquency have been analyzed using theories developed by sociologists as well as criminologists. Some of them view delinquency as function of one individual while others describe it from the macro level of societal structure (Bernard 1984). The theories that will be presented here will be applicable to analyze of crime and delinquency in society. Society has embedded many ideas promoting the success in life. It puts a large emphasis on money, power, commodities, and material goods to prove who we are and how much one has accomplished. Unfortunately we are all given the idea that success is one universal lifestyle and we should all aim to work towards it. However, only few have the means to attain these goals. In this paper I will discuss the correlation between social classes and delinquency. It is important to find the root of the delinquency in order to start eliminating it, leading to a brighter future for those in a lower-class, enabling the youth to have fa ir opportunities in society. It is a widespread opinion that youth from lower socioeconomic class is more open for delinquency and crime. Through the theories of such sociologists as Merton, Cohen, Cloward and Ohlin I will try to prove that this opinion is right. The strain theory is similar to the structural functionalism and argues that "people who commit crimes have basically the same values as everybody else.., however, the avenues for the achievement of success are greatly restricted for people in the lower class. Thus, they are faced with a cruel dilemma: either they abandon the major American values of success and prosperity or they abandon another - obedience of the law" (Leighninger 331). Theories Merton's Strain Theory Strain theory is mainly applied to juvenile delinquency among the boys of lower class and is based on the idea that the value of success they have is shared with the larger culture, but the stratified socialization makes it impossible to compete effectively. Therefore, this pressure is causing the strain and young adults are trying to resolve it. The condition of the society prevents the poor youth from attaining success and lead to defiance of socially accepted norms. Merton has stated that sometimes the society is structured in the way promoting delinquency. As Calhoun has specified "some social structures exert a definite pressure on persons in society to engage in non conforming behavior" (174). Merton was focused on American society because United States is one of the richest countries in the world but the wealth is not equally distributed. Too much emphasis is being made on financial wellbeing. Children grow up with the dreams to become a millionaire. Distress and strain resul t from this pressure - even parents say to their children that if they do not go to college they will be lower class. Criminal activity is like the struggle to preserve the self esteem. Robert Merton added to Durkheim's concept and focused on the idea of strain between aspirations and expectations in society. According to Merton anomie was the state of structural strain between the almost universal cultural goals of the "American Dream" and the much more restricted institutionalized means for achieving them (Deutchmann p.246). Merton believes deviance is a form of adaptation to the strain that exists between, "culturally prescribed aspirations and socially structured avenues for

Biology Aids Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Biology Aids - Essay Example The two major cell types in blood are white blood cells and red blood cells. Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cells which functions as the principal means to deliver oxygen from the lungs to body tissues through blood. Adult humans have roughly 2-3 1013 red blood cells at any given time (women have about 4 million to 5 million erythrocytes per cubic millimeter (microliter) of blood and men about 5 million to 6 million. On the other hand, white blood cells are components of the blood. They are manufactured in the bone marrow and are instrumental in depending the body against infectious diseases and foreign substances. White blood cells are part of the immune system. In a normal adult, There are normally between 4x109 and 11x109 white blood cells in a litre of healthy adult blood - about 7,000 to 25,000 white blood cells per drop. B-cells circulate throughout the body with antibody molecules on their surfaces. When they pick up the signal of a particular antigen, they multiply and transform into plasma cells, which are essentially minifactories with one purpose: to churn out the precise antibodies that hook onto the antigens of the interloper. T-cells, on the other hand, migrate to the thymus. ... T-cells, on the other hand, migrate to the thymus. There, with the aid of various thymic hormones, immature T-cells grow, learn to recognize and attack antigens, and develop a range of specialized activities. The thymus is the master gland of cell-mediated immunity, a veritable training school for different classes of T-cells. There are three types of T-cells: T-helper cells which orchestrate the actions of other immune cells; killer T-cells which liquidate invading microbes, viruses or cancer cells; and suppressor cells which maintains properly balanced immune responses. 4. What does MHC stand for What is it Why is it important in the context of disease-causing agents MHC stand for major histocompatibility complex which is a group of genes that code for certain proteins that are found in the surface of cells and help the immune system recognize foreign substances. MHC is an essential component of the immune response as they allow the T-cells of the immune system to recognized body cells which are invaded by infectious substances. The MHC molecules do this by presenting fragments of proteins belonging to the invader on the cell's surface. The T cell recognizes the foreign peptide attached to the MHC molecule and binds to it, stimulating the T cell to either destroy or cure the infected cell. In uninfected healthy cells the MHC molecule presents peptides from its own cell, to which T cells do not normally react. 5. Compare and contrast viruses and bacteria. Both virus and bacteria both has the capacity to bring diseases. Also, both organisms contain DNA and enzymes. Amidst these similarities, a virus is smaller

Globalization as an ingrained culture of capitalism Essay

Globalization as an ingrained culture of capitalism - Essay Example The paper tells that through years globalization has raised doubts in our minds. There has been a constant debate on the pros and cons of globalization. Many have debated this phenomenon is a result of the telecommunication boom leading to turning the world into a global village. With a growing sense of unease among many of us, the current trends in global capitalism and global society are being constantly reviewed and reiterated. It has been argued by many theorists that the characteristic aspect of the globalized economy is the market economy. However, some have maintained that it is not so much market economy but capitalism that characterizes today’s time. Trying to understand the rules that guided capitalism in earlier days will help to understand the new form of capitalism, â€Å"globalization†, today. Eighteenth-century definition of capitalism refers to an economic and social regime in which the benefits and ownership of productive assets were appropriated by the minority to the exclusion of the many. The driving force was money which was used to make more money by any means available to those who already have a great deal. Capitalism has not been concerned with the efficient allocation of resources to meet the needs of common man thus resulting in inequality and deprivation mostly. The ideal of capitalism is a borderless global economy in which money and goods can be moved freely in search of short-term maximum profits without regard to the consequence for people, communities, and nature.  

IKEA SWOT and Competitive Analysis

IKEA SWOT and Competitive Analysis (S)trengths Strength includes characteristics within the organization that adds value to the business and resulting in the ultimate success of organization. These factors are usually cited as skilled management, manufacturing facilities available and good profit product line available in business. (Finlay, 2000) IKEA has strong internationally brand name recognition. IKEAs branding attracts the major demographic customers. Business model of IKEA is unique in its construction as it has no direct competitions on like for like basis. IKEAs products offer values to customer by delivering low price and innovative products. IKEA carries degree of specialist skills and knowledge within key production areas. (Edvardsson Enquist, 2009; Lewis, 2005; Torekull Kamprad, 1999) (W)eaknesses Weaknesses address the internal factors within the business. Those factors that prevent the achievement of successful projects are mainly barriers in communication channels, insufficient resources and conflicts between departments. (Finlay, 2000) IKEA promotes the low pricing model but services to customers are not satisfactory. Retention of customer focuses that customers should be happy fully with the business services. To repeat business with the same customer base IKEA has to work out on its services that are given to customers. Practices of ecommerce have become necessary for businesses to compete with modern technological world. IKEA needs to adopt such practices for the efficiency of its business. (Ikea, 1995; Levine, 2007) (O)pportunities Opportunity factor in SWOT analysis deals with the external elements that will help the business in the completion of successful projects. Strong network of vendors, healthy relationships with suppliers and prevailing good market conditions these all add values to the project. (Finlay, 2000) Opportunity available to IKEA is growing demand for green products and growing demand for low price products by the customers. Due to liquidity crunch and high inflation demand for low price products is increasing. IKEA is moving towards the global status because of the development of Eastern and European models. (Edvardsson Enquist, 2009; Lewis, 2005; Torekull Kamprad, 1999) (T)hreats Final factor of SWOT analysis is threat. Threat represents the external factors that can threaten the success of project. Threat is the negative public image towards business, week vendor relationship, inadequate resources and unavailability of market for the final product. (Finlay, 2000) Various competitors are entering in market and offering the low cost household and furniture products and causing the threat to IKEAs business. Due to recession in economy, trend of consumers spending and disposal of income has reduced. First time buying pattern by consumers is also threat as consumers spend less when they enter in the market. (Ikea, 1995; Levine, 2007) Context and Key issues Wal-Mart is indirect competitor of IKEA. Wal-Mart runs a chain of large stores whereas IKEA deals only with the home furnishing. Wal-Mart offers extensive products and home furnishing is from one of its product lines. Wal-Mart is biggest public company while IKEA is private company. Wal-Mart has world recognized retail brands as IKEAs. IKEA has no direct competitors but Wal-Mart has to compete with the direct competitors also. IKEA focuses on the low priced product strategy which will affect Wal-Mart as more customers are moving towards IKEA for home furnishing. Wal-Mart strategy is focused on human resource management and development and IKEA strategy gives emphasize to low price products to customer. Services given to customers by IKEA are not up to the mark. Wal-Mart can grab customers form IKEA by focusing on the services and by giving values to customer. Retention of customer is possible when their desires are fulfilled along with these desires customer demands good services from the company. Those companies that are providing good customer service are becoming successful. Wal-Mart by using the information technology to assist its logistic systems can precede the IKEA. Information technology can become the core competence of Wal-Mart and by using this core competency Wal-Mart can excel IKEA. (Lewis, 2005; Maon et al., 2007; Tong Tong, 2006) IKEA can compete vigorously with Wal-Mart by fulfilling the demand of customers. Demands for greener products, demands for low priced products and demand from low carbon footprints are increasingly. IKEA by serving these demands can gain the opportunity to become successful and strong competitor of Wal-Mart in home furnishing product line. IKEA by developing the Eastern and European models can increase its market shares and Wal-Mart profitability can decline. By providing customer with low priced products IKEA can attract the customer in this economic recession period where customers are not spending their income. By offering the low priced products to the customer Wal-Mart can do extremely well with IKEA. Due to inflation and down trend in the buying pattern of customers this strategy can gain success to the company. To overcome the threat of low buying pattern of consumer Wal-Mart can take better measures than IKEA as Wal-Mart is running huge retail business than IKEA. IKEA is providing only home furnishing products. It has more skills and knowledge as it is dealing only with this product line and also IKEA is providing innovative and less price products. IKEA strengths have increased from Wal-Mart in home furnishing products because it is focusing only on this product line. (Lewis, 2005; Maon et al., 2007; Tong Tong, 2006) Conclusion IKEA and Wal-Mart differ in number of ways. For the constructive comparison market segmentation and target market for both IKEA and Wal-Mart has to be considered. Target market of IKEA is only consumers of home furnishing while Wal-Mart deals with huge target market. Influence of IKEA on Wal-Mart is less because Wal-Mart is running huge industry. Market segmentation of Wal-Mart is different from IKEA like Wal-Mart focuses on different demographic segmentation, Psychographics and life style segmentation and behavioural segmentation. Target market of IKEA is different as it is only providing products to consumers who are keen in home furnishing whereas home furnishing is only the niche of Wal-Mart. Strategies of IKEA and Wal-Mart are also dissimilar. IKEA focuses on the low priced and innovative products to customer whereas Wal-Mart focuses on the human management and development of human skills. IKEA has no direct competitors so it does not directly influence other businesses through its strengths and weaknesses. Healthy competition is always done on one to one basis. Weakness of IKEA is also that it has no direct competitor. Presence of direct competitor boosts the company performance. References Edvardsson, B. Enquist, B. 2009, Values-based service for sustainable business : lessons from IKEA, Routledge, London; New York. Finlay, P. 2000, Strategic management : an introduction to business and corporate level strategy, Financial Times Prentice Hall, Harlow. Ikea, A. S. 1995, Democratic design : a book about form, function and pricethe 3 dimensions at IKEA, IKEA, Almhult, Sweden. Levine, J. 2007, Forbes Life Billionaires Ikea, Forbes., pp. 328-. Lewis, E. 2005, Great Ikea! : a brand for all the people, Great brand stories, Cyan, London. Maon, F., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A. University of Hull. Business, S. 2007, Corporate social responsibility at IKEA : commitment and communication, Hull University Business School, [S.l.]. Tong, C. H. Tong, L. I. 2006, Exploring the Conerstones of Walmarts Succes and Competitiveness, Competitiveness review : CR., 16 (2), pp. 143-9. Torekull, B. Kamprad, I. 1999, Leading by design : the IKEA story, HarperBusiness, New York.

The Dangers of Credit Cards :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Dangers of Credit Cards Credit cards are an inevitable factor in growing up. Once you turn eighteen it all starts. You receive applications in the mail daily and commercials appear on television as well. This starts to spark an interest. So you say to yourself, "I think I'm responsible enough to get a credit card, I'll only use it for emergencies." Then you apply and it may take a couple times to finally be approved for one. This only makes it worse, of course, because you realize how long you have waited and now you get to buy anything you want, after all you don't have to pay it off for a month. The year is 2001, more and more teen's own credit cards and are already establishing their credit history. This essay will prove the truth about credit cards and what it's like to be in debt. It will also show the easy ways in which commercials and credit card companies can lure you into debt. Credit cards seem to be the easy way to purchase things. If you want a pair of pants but don't have the cash, you can just charge it. In reality, credit cards are not that easy. Once you are approved for a card the company gives you a credit limit, which is proportional to your income. On the average, an eighteen year old would have about a $250 limit. Which is good because it means teenagers cannot charge past the maximum amount of money. When a credit card is maxed out it means that you have hit the highest amount of money you can spend and it won't let you spend anymore. A month later when you receive your bill, the full amount will be shown and the minimum amount owed. The minimum amount is a feature on a credit card that allows the buyer to pay only a certain small sum of the money. For example the bill is $222 and the minimum amount you can pay is $15-$25. If you choose to pay the minimum, the interest value comes in. Each time you don't pay in full, interest rates are charged onto the original bill. This is how people with credit cards run into debt.

The Main Reason for the Increase in the Divorce Rate Is Changes to Divorce Laws

According to the item the proportion of marriages ending in divorce has increased from 27,000 to almost 55,000 between 1961 and 1969. Although the changes in law might have an impact on the divorce rate of couples, I think that other factors are just as important or maybe even more important than changes to the law. The divorce reform act was introduced in 1969 and so couples were able to get a divorce without needing to prove adultery, cruelty or desertion. But to decrease the divorce rates, the government only accepted divorce requests from partners that have been living separate for at least 2 years.This law only increased the divorce rate as the item suggests that from 1969 to 1973 divorce rates doubled again. Another factor that could have an impact on change in divorce years is changes in position of women. From 1959 to 2005 the proportion of working women increased from 45% to 70%. This shows that women are now more independent due to changes in their economic position so it i s correct to say that availability of welfare benefits means women no longer have to be financially supported by their husband.Feminists rightly argue that the more independency of women creates a new source of conflict between couples, leading to more divorces. This argument is logical, because women tend to get divorced because they know that they can earn money and live independently in society. Also, Decline in stigma and changing attitudes could be causing divorce rates to increase. According to Since 1960s stigma has declined and divorce has become more socially accepted. Wilson (1966) argues that this reduction in stigma is a result of secularisation, the decline of religion in modern society. less than half of today's marriages involve religious ceremonies.He also believes that the attitudes towards the effect of divorce on children might have been shifted. In conclusion, although changes in law, decline in stigma and changing attitudes are reasons for the increase in the di vorce rate, I think that the change in position of women has the most impact on the increase of divorce rates because in the last decade women have gained many new rights in terms of the vote, employment and education, and the rise in divorce may reflect this shift in their position within society and make them less willing to accept marriages that do not fulfil their personal needs.

Life and Work of Jenny Holzer, Artist of Text-Based Truisms

Life and Work of Jenny Holzer, Artist of Text-Based Truisms Jenny Holzer is an American artist and political activist. Best known for her series of Truisms, text-based art exhibited in public spaces in the form of plainly worded statements written in bold, her work ranges in content from the neutral to the political. As both an exhibitor in public and private spaces, Holzer is keenly aware of the effects of her work on both the intentional and the casual passerby. She is inspired by reading, world events, and the contexts of her own life, though she seeks to be â€Å"out of view and out of earshot† in order to lend her work a voice of truth and trustworthiness. Fast Facts: Jenny Holzer Occupation: ArtistBorn:  July 29, 1950 in Gallipolis, OhioEducation: Duke University (no degree), University of Chicago (no degree), Ohio University (BFA), Rhode Island School of Design (MFA)Selected Works: Truisms (1977–79), Inflammatory Essays (1979–1982)Key Accomplishments: Golden Lion for Best Pavilion at the Venice Biennale (1990); member of the American Academy of Arts and LettersSpouse:  Mike Glier (m. 1983) Early Life and Education Jenny Holzer was born in Gallipolis, Ohio, where she grew up the oldest of three children. Her mother was an active participant in the community and her father was a car salesman. Holzer’s upbringing was rooted in Midwestern traditionalism, an attitude from which she believes the frankness in her art derives. â€Å"They want to get things done so they do it in the most expeditious way,† she has said of her fellow Midwesterners. â€Å"Expeditious as in fast and right.† It is perhaps for this reason that  her work is so often reproduced, as its split second appeal is derived from its keen ability to distill truths about our culture into digestible phrases. As a teenager, Holzer moved to Florida to attend Pine Crest Preparatory in Boca Raton before enrolling at Duke University for college. Holzer’s next few years were itinerant, seeing her leave Duke to enroll at the University of Chicago and then at Ohio University in Athens, where she received her BFA in Painting and Printmaking. Holzer would go on to receive her MFA from the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence. She married fellow RISD student Mike Glier in 1983 and had her daughter Lili in 1988. Early Artwork Holzer did not arrive at using text as the base of her artistic career without a few detours along the way. She began her life as an artist as an abstract painter, inspired by many of the great painters of Abstract Expressionism. By her own admission, she was only a decent third generation American abstract painter, as she felt that there was a more relevant way to communicate the fast-paced media culture that was on the rise in the late 70s and early 80s. Motivated by the conviction that her work ought to include discernible content (rather than the formal content of abstraction), but feeling the genre of social realism to be increasingly of the past, Holzer began placing words in her work, often in the form of found objects such as scraps of newspaper and other clippings. It was at this point that she began placing her work in public spaces to test their effect on passers-by. The realization that art could engage people who did not intend to see it, moving them to think or even provoking them to argue, motivated her to pursue text-based work. Truisms and Inflammatory Essays In her last year as an MFA student at RISD, Holzer rethought the inclusion of words in her work by using her own. She wrote a selection of one liners which were meant to distill truths encountered almost daily in Western civilization, which she then assembled into a series of posters. Though the phrasing of these posters was original, she sought to tap into universal sentiments that would seem familiar as ideas. â€Å"I want them to be accessible,† she said, â€Å"but not so easy that you throw them away after a second or two. Among these statements are phrases like â€Å"ABUSE OF POWER COMES AS NO SURPRISE,† â€Å"PROTECT ME FROM WHAT I WANT,† and â€Å"MONEY MAKES TASTE.† The Truisms, as they are known, have been posted in various locations throughout the world and have been translated into several languages. From Holzers Survivor Series.   Getty Images Thinking the Truisms too bland, Holzer began a series of political works also printed on posters in capital letters, which she called the Inflammatory Essays. With the allotment of a paragraph per poster, Holzer was able to dive into more complex ideas and explore more controversial topics. Art, Technology, and Public Space Holzer’s work has always been intertwined with technology, and in 1992 she began using LED signs for a project commissioned by the Public Art Fund for Times Square. Enthralled by their ability to display text in motion, she continued using the signs as they lent her words a neutral authority that the posters could not, as posters carried with them the connotation of anarchist protests. Since 1996, Holzer has worked with light based projections as installations, using the facades of monumental buildings as the canvas onto which she projects scrolling text. Holzer’s use of the institution as the base upon which her work rests has been the inspiration for numerous political protests since Holzer developed the method. Though Holzer’s work is largely concerned with text, its visual expression is a key element of her work. From the deliberate eye catching colors of the Inflammatory Essays laid out in grids to the speed and font of her scrolling texts, Holzer is a visual artist who has found her voice in words, an artistic medium she found best expressed her views on the culture of media in which she came of age. The material of these signs- whether they be LED lights of the carved stone of her Sarcophagi series- is equally as important as their verbal content. Jenny Holzers light projections on the faà §ade of 30 Rockefeller Plaza.   Getty Images Holzer’s work centers around text and its placement in public spaces. Using billboards, jumbotrons, lighted signs, and walls, Holzer uses city streets and areas of public interaction as her canvas. She is interested in the ability of public art to provoke a reaction and perhaps start a conversation. Not all Holzer’s work is staged outdoors, and when she does exhibit in gallery spaces, she is equally deliberate with their curation as she is when planning work publicly. As she is conscious of the museum goers slowed pace, she takes the opportunity to construct more complex interactions among her works, often juxtaposing different mediums. Reception and Legacy Holzer’s work has been presented in countless exhibitions and retrospectives across the world. She has won numerous prizes, including the Golden Lion for Best Pavilion at the 1990 Venice Biennale (where she represented the United States), and has been honored by the French Government with a diploma of Chevalier from the Order of Arts and Letters. In 2018, she was selected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, one of 250 living members. Sources Art 21 (2009). Jenny Holzer: Writing Difficulty. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?vCxrxnPLmqEsKort, C. and Sonneborn, L. (2002).  A to Z of American Women in the Visual Arts. New York: Facts on File, Inc. 98-100.Waldman, D. Jenny Holzer. (1989). New York: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in association with Henry N. Abrams.Tate (2018). Jenny Holzers Inflammatory Essays: Why I Love. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?vONIUXi84YCc

Crystal Eastman, Feminist, Civil Libertarian, Pacifist

Crystal Eastman, Feminist, Civil Libertarian, Pacifist Crystal Eastman (June 25, 1881–July 8, 1928) was a lawyer and writer who was involved in socialism, the peace movement, women’s issues, and civil liberties. Her popular essay,  Now We Can Begin: What’s Next?: Beyond Woman Suffrage addressed what women needed to do after winning suffrage, to take advantage of the vote. She was also a co-founder of the American Civil Liberties Union. Fast Facts: Crystal Eastman Known For: Lawyer, writer, and organizer who was involved in socialism, the peace movement, women’s issues, civil liberties. Co-founder of the American Civil Liberties UnionAlso Known As: Crystal Catherine EastmanBorn: June 25, 1881 in Marlborough, MassachusettsParents: Samuel Elijah Eastman, Annis Bertha FordDied: July 8, 1928Education: Vassar College  (Master of Arts in sociology, 1903), Columbia University  (1904), New York University Law School (J.D., 1907)Published Works: The Liberator (socialist newspaper established by Eastman and her brother Max),  Now We Can Begin: What’s Next?: Beyond Woman Suffrage (influential feminist essay)Awards and Honors: National Womens Hall of Fame (2000)Spouse(s): Wallace Benedict (m. 1911–1916), Walter Fuller (m. 1916–1927)Children: Jeffrey Fuller, Annis FullerNotable Quote: I am not interested in women just because theyre women. I am interested, however, in seeing that they are no longer classed with children an d minors. Early Life and Education Crystal Eastman was born in 1881 in Marlboro, Massachusetts, the daughter of two progressive parents. Her mother, as an ordained minister, had fought against restrictions on women’s roles.  Eastman attended  Vassar College, then Columbia University, and finally law school at New York University.  She graduated second in her law school class. Workers’ Compensation During her last year of education, she became involved in the circle of social reformers in Greenwich Village. She lived with her brother Max Eastman and other radicals. She was a part of the  Heterodoxy Club. Just out of college, she investigated workplace accidents, funded by the Russel Sage Foundation, and published her findings in 1910.  Her work led her to an appointment by the New York governor to the Employers’ Liability Commission, where she was the only female commissioner. She helped shape recommendations based on her workplace investigations, and in 1910, the legislature in New York adopted the first workers’ compensation program in America. Suffrage Eastman married Wallace Benedict in 1911. Her husband was an insurance agent in Milwaukee, and they moved to Wisconsin after getting married. There, she became involved in the campaign of 1911 to win a state woman’s suffrage amendment, which failed. By 1913, she and her husband were separated. From 1913 to 1914, Eastman served as an attorney, working for the federal Commission on Industrial Relations. The failure of the Wisconsin campaign led Eastman to the conclusion that work would be better focused on a national suffrage amendment. She joined  Alice Paul  and  Lucy Burns  in urging the  National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)  to change tactics and focus, helping to begin the Congressional Committee within the NAWSA in 1913. Finding the NAWSA would not change, later that year the organization separated from its parent and became the  Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, evolving into the National Woman’s Party in 1916.  She lectured and traveled to promote women’s suffrage. In 1920, when the suffrage movement won the vote, she published her essay, â€Å"Now We Can Begin.†Ã‚  The premise of the essay was that the vote was not the end of a struggle, but the beginning- a tool for women to become involved in political decision-making and address the many remaining feminist issues to promote women’s freedom. Eastman, Alice Paul, and several others wrote a proposed federal  Equal Rights Amendment  to work for further equality for women beyond the vote.  The ERA did not pass Congress until 1972, and not enough states ratified it by the deadline established by Congress. Peace Movement In 1914, Eastman also became involved in working for peace. She was among the founders of the Woman’s Peace Party, with Carrie Chapman Catt, and helped recruit  Jane Addams  to become involved. She and Jane Addams differed on many topics; Addams denounced the â€Å"casual sex† common in the younger Eastman’s circle. In 1914, Eastman became the executive secretary of the American Union Against Militarism (AUAM), whose members came to include even Woodrow Wilson. Eastman and brother Max published  The Masses, a socialist journal that was explicitly anti-militarist. By 1916, Eastman’s marriage formally ended with a divorce. She refused any alimony, on feminist grounds. She remarried the same year, this time to British antimilitarism activist and journalist Walter Fuller. They had two children and often worked together in their activism. When the United States entered the First World War, Eastman responded to the institution of the draft and of laws prohibiting criticism of the war by joining with Roger Baldwin and Norman Thomas to found a group within AUAM. The Civil Liberties Bureau that they initiated defended the right to be conscientious objectors to serving in the military, and also defended civil liberties including free speech. The Bureau evolved into the American Civil Liberties Union. The end of the war also marked the beginning of ​a separation from Eastman’s husband, who left to go back to London to find work. She occasionally traveled to London to visit him, and eventually established a home there for herself and her children, maintaining that â€Å"marriage under two roofs makes room for moods.† Death and Legacy Walter Fuller died after a stroke in 1927, and Eastman returned to New York with her children. She died the next year of nephritis. Friends took over the raising of her two children. Eastman and her brother Max published a socialist journal from 1917 to 1922 called the  Liberator, which had a circulation of 60,000 at its peak.  Her reform work, including her involvement with socialism, led to her blacklisting during the 1919–1920 Red Scare. During her career, she published many articles on the topics of interest to her, especially on social reform, women’s issues, and peace. After she was blacklisted, she found paying work primarily around feminist issues. In 2000, Eastman was inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame for co-founding the ACLU as well as work on social issues, civil liberties, and womans suffrage. Sources Cott, Nancy F., and Elizabeth H. Pleck.  A Heritage of Her Own: Toward a New Social History of American Women. Simon and Schuster, 1979â€Å"Crystal Eastman.†Ã‚  American Civil Liberties Union.â€Å"Eastman, Crystal.†Ã‚  National Womens Hall of Fame.

Should Social Security Be Required or voluntary Essay

Should Social Security Be Required or voluntary - Essay Example Social security is an entitlement program whereby the Congress can make changes to the benefits and eligibility of workers thus workers paying in to the social security system do not necessarily have right to receive any guaranteed benefits at the end of retirement3. Currently, billions of US dollars are spend in financing the programs through deductions on payrolls of employees and government expenditure. The social security programs also cover the unemployed and those incapable of getting employment due to disability and other disadvantages. There is an intense debate on whether social security should be a required or voluntary due to the mandatory payroll deductions and the high government tax revenues that are spend in financing the programs4. Social security is a major political issue that has attracted strong opinions across the US demographic segments. Proponents of social security maintain that it should be required while opponents of the system assert that it should be volun tary5. The debate of social security is centered on various major philosophical arguments such as the right of ownership and choice of private investment alternatives that will guarantee personal retirement income. In addition, another controversial argument that surrounds the social security is the right of the government to collect payroll taxes and finances social security and importance of wealth redistribution in the society. Accordingly, intergenerational rights such as right of those living today and the ability to impose financial burden to future generations is also a topic of intense debate in determining whether it should be required or voluntary6. Some people argue that social security is a charitable safety net while others hold that it is an earned benefit program. The other controversial debate attached to the topic is the trade-off between private wealth creation and social insurance. Thesis statement: social security should be voluntary. Opponents of social security assert that it should be voluntary since Americans will not be capable of sustaining the needs of the social security system in the future and the growing middle class should have the freedom to invest for their retirement7. Middle-income individuals pay a high proportion of their income to the program in order to secure their retirement thus hindering any opportunities for making personal viable savings and investments. Since the social security systems does not create any meaningful wealth, the benefits that individuals get after retirement are just financed by the current tax payers thus making the social security system unsustainable8. For instance, Medicare and social security accounted for 38 percent of the federal spending in 2012 fiscal year and estimates point out that the current federal spending on the programs will exceed the federal GDP growth by 2030. Accordingly, the US is currently experiencing low employment rate and increasingly aging population, thus the projecte d collections from employment will be less than the high spending that will be caused by the high number of aged individual. Accounting to the 2013 edition of the annual trustee’s reports of Medicare and Social security, the reports indicate that the trust funds must be abolished. The report indicates that 2012 Medicare benefits and social securi

Changing the Legal Drinking Age in Michigan Essay

Changing the Legal Drinking Age in Michigan - Essay Example As defined by Cambridge International Dictionary, alcohol is an item for consumption produced when manufacturing wine, beer and liquor. People who drink these products tend to have behavioral change causing them to do inappropriate acts. Â  Alcohol contains substances that can affect a human body especially its way of thinking and act on things. It is said that people under the influence of alcohol became fearless in saying their feelings toward another person; they also tend to be bold on doing things. They think that when they take alcohol it makes them better and boosts their self-esteem. Â  Legal age as defined by the dictionary is the right age wherein an individual enters adulthood wherein lawful rights and responsibilities should be followed. The legal drinking age in Michigan - a state in the East North Central United States that consist two peninsulas separated by water was 21 years old. Â  In this research, a variety of facts and opinions will be discussed so as to oppose the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) also known as the Uniform Drinking Age Act of 1984 wherein the MLDA will be 21 years of age. On the other hand, certain facts will also be given to support the 21 years of age as the legal drinking age. The research was done to present both sides of the issue regarding on changing the legal drinking age; considering 18 years of age as the legal age. ... Â  A person who reached his/her legal age is therefore according to the law allowed to vote, to have a license and to apply for a job. Â  Undeniably, age is one of the many factors to be considered in selling alcoholic beverages but to look into a larger picture, 21 years of age is old and mature enough to be responsible in his/her action/s. The law says a citizen can vote at the age of 18 because maybe they believe that this age, teenagers are responsible enough to know the laws and policies of the country and yet they are not allowed to drink. If we are to compare voting and drinking, I personally think that voting requires more knowledge and maturity compared to drinking. Another fact is that manufacturers of these products did not lack anything to their consumers for they have warning/s on their advertisements like the famous tagline of beer, "Drink Moderately." Â  According to an article, on an Amethyst Initiative - an effort done by McCardell wherein a number of college presidents were called, college presidents signed a statement saying, "Twenty-One is Not Working." In lieu with the statement here are the reasons supporting the statement (1) a society of risky, clandestine binge-drinking has been made and is usually done outside the campus (2) there was no positive behavioral change with the students.